Senin, 18 Januari 2016

Sepia Saturday 295 : A Foggy Day In Yarmouth Town

The theme image for Sepia Saturday 295 features an image of the Menai Suspension Bridge in Wales and the suggested themes include bridges, fog and buses. Once I had taken a ride on the sepia bus and the fog had cleared I found myself in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk looking at Breydon Swing Bridge. Not only had I travelled in distance, I had travelled in time as well and I was back in August 1948. Although I was only a couple of months old, I could still appreciate a fine bit of industrial archeology.

The bridge was built in 1899 to take the line of the Midland and Great Northern Railway across Breydon Water at a point close to where the River Bure flows into the River Yare. By the end of the nineteenth century most of the main parts of the British railway network had been in place for at least half a century and the bits of construction that were still taking place were the railway equivalent of dotting the "i's" and crossing the "t's" (or in this case crossing the Yare!) The lines that were built this late tended to be marginal from both a geographic and an economic point of view and they were often the first to close when, half a century later, the railway age went into decline (the line did indeed close in 1953 and the bridge was demolished a few years later).

The bridge was 800 feet long and consisted of five spans, one of which swung open to allow ships up river and into Breydon Water and from there into the Norfolk Broads. The old postcard (thanks, as ever, to Wikipedia) provides a better view of the entire bridge than the photograph at the top of this post which was taken by the inimitable "Uncle" Frank Fieldhouse. Frank may not have been the best photographer in the world but at least he was a first class cataloguer and therefore we know that his photograph was taken on the 2nd August 1948. And maybe, just maybe, the reason for the somewhat uninspiring photograph was because on that particular date is was a foggy day in Yarmouth town.

For more Sepia Posts catch the bus over the bridge to theSepia Saturday Blog

reff : http://newsfromnowhere1948.blogspot.com/2015/09/sepia-saturday-295-foggy-day-in.html

Control of Organic Impurities in Bayer Liquor of Alumina Refinery

01.04 No comments

Hi Friends,

In present post, we will discuss in brief the major sources of organic impurity build up, their negative impacts on process efficiency and methods to control the organic impurity level in plant liquor as outlined here under-

Major sources of organic build up:

In Bayer process of Alumina refinery, Bauxite is the basic input raw material used for production of alumina. The majority of Bauxite deposits in the World has moderate to high level of organic carbon ranging from 0.10 to 0.40% on weight basis. The carbon goes into Bayer liquor on dissolution of Bauxite with caustic soda. The organic carbons keep on increasing with circulating plant liquor and hence build up of organic impurities in Bayer liquor. In addition to Bauxite, use of additives like flocculants, defoaming agent and crystal growth modifiers in various process streams further add to the organic impurity level of Bayer liquor.

Negative impacts of organic impurities:
Organic impurities have detrimental effects in process because of their adverse impacts on plant performance like excessive foaming, lower liquor productivity, product purity, physical appearance of hydrate due to coloration, acute residue settling problems and faster rate of scale formation in lines and heat exchangers. Excessive foaming badly affects the volume utilization of plant, high scaling rate impacts heater performance and lower liquor productivity causes high consumption of thermal as well as electrical energy. Thus, it becomes essential to control the impurity level in Bayer liquor by adopting techno-economically viable process in the Alumina refinery.

Methods to control organic impurities:
There are many physical and chemical methods to control impurities in Bayer liquor of Alumina refinery as listed below-

Sorting of stems of trees from ROM Bauxite,
Salting out and Causticization,
Seed hydrate washing,
Wet oxidation,
Crystallization of sodium oxalate,
Liquor calcination and
Plasma treatment.

Methods stated at serial number 1 and 2 are used by almost all alumina producers in the World where seed hydrate washing system has been incorporated in selective plants. Wet oxidation technique has been successfully implemented in AOS Alumina refinery in Germany. Crystallization and separation of Sodium oxalate is done by Hindalco Belgaum in India. Liquor calcination (or Liquor burning) system is the efficient method which has been implemented in one of the Alumina refineries in Western Australia. This method is very effective but capital intensive and it causes generation of unpleasant odour as well as excessive carbon dioxide. Plasma treatment is the recent development which has not been commercialized so far.

Conclusions:

All out efforts are made to control Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in plant liquor below 5.0 gpl by selecting most appropriate technique depending on process conditions of the plant and the economics as well. Therefore, process experts should take final decision about adoption of most appropriate environment friendly and economically viable process route for controlling organic impuritie in Bayer liquor of Alumina refinery.

I invite you to put your feedback / suggestions / views / remarks / comments, if any.
Regards.

Kunwar Rajendra

reff : http://bauxite2aluminium.blogspot.com/2012/01/control-of-organic-impurities-in-bayer.html

Articles for Sale

22.35 No comments

I came across Articles for Sale while looking for other online writing opportunities. The site which is hosted on WordPress is easy to navigate. You sign-up for a free account and must have a PayPal address. Once your account is confirmed, you can immediately post articles for sale.

I do not have a lot of articles which have not already been published but I managed to put up some on the site to see how it goes. There are 2 things worrying me though: the articles which are on the website are poorly written and full of typo errors judging from the low selling prices set by the "authors"; if you read the feedback of some buyers they are not very encouraging with some reporting spun and even translated articles. If you are a serious writer and dedicated to producing high quality content, affiliation with such a website can be detrimental to your writing credentials.

On the other hand, if you produce unique and quality articles, the site might attract good buyers. As an author, it is easy to post articles and set a reasonable fetching price that you want for your articles. There are enough categories to choose from and you don't have to wait for an approval by an editor before you can post your article. The downside to this is that your articles are not controlled for quality which is not a good sign. Personally, I prefer that an editor looks my work over to see if my writing makes sense and to catch all those typo errors I might have missed.

I will give this site a bit of time to see if there are improvements to their process of submission, that is, put in place an editing and authenticity check. I did see some articles sold but so far, I have not come across any forum discussing author feedback on the site.

reff : http://earningonlineopportunities.blogspot.com/2011/04/articles-for-sale.html

MENGKUDU BAGI KESEHATAN ORGAN WANITA

22.28 No comments

Mengkudu memiliki nama latin Morinda citrifolia dan termasuk dalam famili Rubiaceae. Beberapa daerah di Indonesia memiliki sebutan beragam untuk mengkudu ini. Diantaranya Pace, Kemudu, Kudu (Jawa); Cangkudu (Sunda), Kodhuk (Madura), Wengkudu (Bali) dan masih banyak lagi.

Tanaman ini tumbuh di dataran rendah hingga pada ketinggian 1500 m. Tinggi pohon mengkudu mencapai 3-8 m, memiliki bunga bongkol berwarna putih. Buahnya merupakan buah majemuk, yang masih muda berwarna hijau mengkilap dan memiliki totol-totol, dan ketika sudah tua berwarna putih dengan bintik-bintik hitam.

Kandungan vitamin A, B kompleks, C, sulfur, kalium, fosfor, asam amino, dan kalsium memiliki banyak manfaat bagi tubuh. Jadi, dengan mengkonsumsi buah mengkudu kita akan mendapatkan beberapa keuntungan yang dihasilkan dari mengkudu. Walupun buah dan baunya memang tidak seperti buah lainya, tetapi manfaatnya super bagi kesehatan tubuh kita.

Secara kimia buah mengkudu banyak mengandung xeronine, plant sterois, alizarin, lycine, sosium, coprylic, acid, arginine, proxeronine, antra quinines, trace, elemens, phenylalanine, dan magnesium.
Buah mengkudu merupkan buah super manfaat karena memiliki lebih dari 150 fitonutrien.

Fitonutrien adalah senyawa yang ditemukan dalam tanaman selain vitamin, mineral dan macronutrients. Fitonutrien memiliki anti-inflamasi, anti-virus, anti-bakteri, meningkatkan imunitas seluler dan sifat perbaikan sel tubuh. Beberapa fitonutrien yang diakui dalam buah mengkudu adalah senyawa organik yang disebut antrakuinon, yang bertindak sebagai agen anti-bakteri.

Dari sebuah penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mengkudu dapat melancarkan kinerja berbagai kelenjar didalam tubuh, membantu meningkatkan proses penyerapan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tubuh, mempercepat pertumbuhan sel-sel yang sudah rusak/mati, mampu mengatasi hipertensi, diabetes millitus, kolestrol tinggi, memperlancarkan kinerja ginjal, mengurangi dampak alergi, dan mengatasi perdangan.

Buah mengkudu memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup lengkap. Salah satunya adalah zat nutrisi yang sangat bermanfaat untuk tubuh, kandungan lain buah Mengkudu adalah protein, vitamin, serta mineral penting. Selenium yang terdapat dalam buah mengkudu merupakan zat antioksidan yang hebat. Zat antioksidan pada mengkudu ini merupakan senyawa alami yang sangat baik untuk menangkal penyakit kaker yang sering di alami para wanita.

KLIK DISINI UNTUK LANJUT TIPS KESEHATAN WANITA

reff : http://penyakitorganwanita.blogspot.com/2015/09/mengkudu-bagi-kesehatan-organ-wanita.html

SAHABAT

22.11 No comments

Gara-gara membaca buku Kicau Kacau nya Indra Herlambang yang tak sengaja saya beli di bagian obral buku di Gramedia karena merasa butuh bacaan baru yang tidak berat, tiba-tiba terpikir soal sahabat. Tepatnya teringat seorang sahabat. Gara-gara sebuah tulisan di halaman belakang buku tersebut, yang berjudul Yang Nyaris Terlupakan. Gara-gara petikan paragraf ini:

"Teman yang sebenar-benarnya tidak akan berubah menjadi asing hanya karena jarak atau jumlah pertemuan yang semakin berkurang. Sahabat adalah sahabat. Yang kedekatannya lebih dari sekedar urusan fisik dan kebersamaan kegiatan. Yang bisa hidup terpencar bertahun-tahun namun setiap kali bertemu tetap terasa seolah tidak pernah berpisah sedetik pun. Yang ketika jumpa hanya membutuhkan sebuah tanya sederhana untuk membuka sebuah perbincangan maha menyenangkan tanpa adanya kecanggungan sedikit pun. Tapi berapa banyak diantara kita yang cukup beruntung untuk punya teman seperti itu?"

Dan ingatan saya langsung melayang pada seorang sahabat yang terpencar jauh. Seorang sahabat yang saya kenal sejak kuliah, yang lebih sering kontak lewat message Facebook, karena selain SMS dia tidak menggunakan BBM ataupun whatsapp. Hanya lewat Facebook. Dan sahabat saya ini tidak setiap saat terkoneksi dengan internet karena tinggal berpindah-pindah ke berbagai negara mengikuti suaminya bekerja. Kesempatan untuk bertemu biasanya saat sahabat saya pulang kampung menjelang Idul Fitri, itu pun belum tentu tiap tahun.

Apa yang tertulis di petikan paragraf diatas betul-betul mewakili isi hati saya. Setiap kami bertemu sama sekali tak ada kecanggungan meskipun kami begitu jauh terpencar, saya dimana dia dimana, saya ngapain dia ngapain. Dengan panggung kehidupan yang berbeda, dengan pengalaman hidup yang berbeda, ruang dan waktu yang berbeda. Kami punya kehidupan yang jauh berbeda. Dia sudah berumah tangga saya masih single. Namun itu semua tidak menghalangi kami untuk tetap terkoneksi satu sama lain, tetap bisa saling mengerti, tetap nyambung. Dan ketika bertemu semua mengalir dan tak pernah terasa bahwa sesungguhnya kami telah terpencar begitu jauh.

Setiap perjumpaan seringkali berlangsung sederhana. Jarang bertemu jarang pula pertemuan diabadikan apalagi diunggah ke media sosial. Persahabatan kami jarang dipublikasi. Bahkan tidak banyak koleksi foto saya dan sahabat saya itu. Selama 17 tahun bersahabat hanya 2 kali kami traveling bareng. Paling sering ya ngobrol di rumahnya saat dia pulang kampung. Hampir di setiap akhir perjumpaan, kalimat penutup yang sering terlontar adalah: see you when I see you.. alias tak jelas kapan lagi akan bersua, tak bisa diprediksi karena biasanya saya baru benar-benar tahu dia ada di tanah air saat H-1 atau bahkan saat dia benar-benar sudah sampai di rumahnya.

Kembali ke petikan tulisannya Indra Herlambang diatas, jujur itu mengena sekali. Saya jadi tersadar bahwa selama ini saya sudah memiliki teman (sahabat) seperti itu. Ternyata saya beruntung.

P.S :
Terima kasih telah menjadi sahabat paling pengertian. Jauh di mata dekat di hati.

reff : http://kunindri.blogspot.com/2015/08/sahabat.html